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Could Alzheimer’s be predicted years before symptoms? A test offers new clues

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What if a simple test could reveal your risk of Alzheimer's years before memory problems start?

A new study on a specific blood test shows this might be possible.

The test looks for what doctors call 'p-tau217' and can alert them to the disease five to 10 years before a healthy person develops symptoms.

That information could be reassuring or terrifying, but for now, it's a potential tool to speed drug development by helping to identify and enrol high-risk people into studies of possible Alzheimer's treatments or preventive strategies.

Study shows a blood test can help identify healthy people at high risk for Alzheimer's disease

A blood test that helps diagnose Alzheimer's might also forecast if healthy older adults will develop symptoms

WASHINGTON — A blood test may predict if apparently healthy older adults are likely to develop Alzheimer’s symptoms in the next five or 10 years, researchers reported Wednesday.

That information could be reassuring or terrifying, but for now it's a potential tool to speed drug development by helping to identify and enroll high-risk people into studies of possible Alzheimer's treatments or preventive strategies.

Already large clinical trials are testing if certain drugs could prevent or at least delay the disease — and if any of those pan out, doctors will need an easy way to tell who should try them.

Blood Protein Panel May Help Distinguish Major Dementia Types

Diagnosing dementia is rarely straightforward, particularly early in the disease course. Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia can overlap clinically, while mixed pathology is common in older patients. This creates a major barrier for precision medicine: treatment selection, trial enrolment, prognosis, and patient counselling increasingly require a more biologically grounded diagnosis.

Blood biomarkers have already begun to change Alzheimer’s disease diagnostics, especially for detecting amyloid and tau pathology. But the field still lacks robust plasma tools for distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease from dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD).

A new study, published in Nature Aging, used proximity extension assay proteomics to profile plasma proteins across international dementia cohorts. In the discovery phase, researchers analyzed more than 1,300 plasma samples, including controls and individuals across preclinical, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia stages of Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia.

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