Drone LiDAR finds hidden rock shelters and rock art in Australia | How high-tech drones reveal an…

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Drone LiDAR finds hidden rock shelters and rock art in Australia

Walking the Blue Mountains west of Sydney is hard work. Sandstone cliffs, thick eucalyptus forest and deep valleys hide many rock shelters, and crews on foot miss a lot of them. A University of Sydney team, working with the Dharug Custodian Aboriginal Corporation, tried a different approach. They used laser scans from the air plus a set of computer models to point the way. The study appears in Remote Sensing.

LiDAR fires laser pulses at the ground and times the return. Some pulses slip through gaps in the trees, so the data show the land under the canopy. The team tested two sources across a 1,057 square kilometer area. One was free, low-detail aircraft data from the New South Wales government, with at least 0.5 points per square meter. The other came from a drone flown at 75 meters, which gathered at least 100 points per square meter over four zones.

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How high-tech drones reveal ancient Blue Mountains Indigenous sites

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A drone shooting laser light beams that can “disappear” dense bush to reveal what lies beneath has located three new Aboriginal rock shelters within a minuscule part of the Greater Blue Mountains’ world heritage site’s 1.03 million hectares.

The discoveries by the University of Sydney’s digital archaeologist Dr Jacob Bongers have raised hopes that hundreds – maybe thousands – of ancient sites could be identified across the vast UNESCO site, which is about the same size as Lebanon.

The drone used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology to create a 3D map of the terrain that is accurate down to centimetres. “What’s great about LiDAR’s lasers is that you can remove the tree canopy and see what’s underneath, allowing us to find shelters deep in the bush,” Bongers said.

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